Presocratic philosophy · c. 540–480 BCE

Heraclitus

Listen for order within change.

Ephesus · Ionia
Portraits: artistic interpretations
Philosophy

Ideas that shift your perspective.

01

Logos

The term may mean a common account or order. Readers debate how it connects Heraclitus’ speech to the structure of the world.

A situation to think through

Before concluding, distinguish what is shared from your first impression.

02

Opposites

Opposed realities can belong to one organization without their difference disappearing.

A situation to think through

A tension can support a structure without making its poles interchangeable.

03

Change

River and fire images ask how continuity can be recognized through transformation.

A situation to think through

A river keeps its name while its water does not remain the same.

04

Measure

Transformations need not be chaos without rule; the fragments invite inquiry into proportion.

A situation to think through

Observe a cycle’s regularities before treating it as an arbitrary sequence.