Medieval scholasticism · Theology · c. 1225–1274

Thomas Aquinas

Reason together toward the good.

Italy · Paris · Cologne
Portraits: artistic interpretations
Philosophy

Ideas that shift your perspective.

01

Reason and faith

Reason investigates causes and arguments open to public examination; theology also examines revelation. Their domains are neither identical nor simply enemies.

A situation to think through

Distinguishing what evidence establishes from what a tradition holds by faith makes discussion more precise.

02

Natural law and the common good

Human beings can reflect on goods that make common life possible. Human laws must be examined in light of their justice and circumstances.

A situation to think through

A public rule can be assessed by its effects on the community and the people concerned.

03

Virtue and prudence

A virtue is an acquired or received disposition orienting action; prudence discerns what a particular situation requires.

A situation to think through

Courage requires understanding a specific danger rather than always taking the greatest risk.

04

Being and essence

Asking what a thing is does not automatically explain why it exists. This distinction structures a metaphysics of dependence.

A situation to think through

One can understand what an imagined house would be without such a house existing.