Read at the source
Historical texts and selected writings, hosted here for unhurried reading. Every text names its language, translator, source and rights information. An edition is not automatically available in every interface language.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Les Rêveries du promeneur solitaire
- Text / translation
- Texte original français · édition de 1882
- Edition
- 1782 · édition de 1882
Plato
The Republic
- Text / translation
- Benjamin Jowett (1817–1893)
- Edition
- 19th-century translation
Symposium
- Text / translation
- Benjamin Jowett (1817–1893)
- Edition
- 19th-century translation
Phaedo
- Text / translation
- Benjamin Jowett (1817–1893)
- Edition
- 19th-century translation
Apology
- Text / translation
- Benjamin Jowett (1817–1893)
- Edition
- 19th-century translation
Aristotle
Politics: A Treatise on Government
- Text / translation
- William Ellis (1730–1801)
- Edition
- 1912 edition of a historical translation
Confucius
The Analects
- Text / translation
- James Legge (1815–1897)
- Edition
- 19th-century translation
Lun-Yu, ou les Entretiens philosophiques
- Text / translation
- Guillaume Pauthier (1801–1873)
- Edition
- 1846
Epictetus
A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus
- Text / translation
- George Long (1800–1879)
- Edition
- 19th-century translation
The Encheiridion, or Manual
- Text / translation
- George Long (1800–1879)
- Edition
- 19th-century translation
Baruch Spinoza
Ethics
- Text / translation
- R. H. M. Elwes (1853–1892)
- Edition
- 19th-century translation
Immanuel Kant
The Critique of Pure Reason
- Text / translation
- J. M. D. Meiklejohn (1830–1902)
- Edition
- 19th-century translation
Arthur Schopenhauer
Aphorismes sur la sagesse dans la vie
- Text / translation
- J.-A. Cantacuzène (1829–1897)
- Edition
- 1887 · troisième édition
David Hume
An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding
- Text / translation
- Original English · edited by L. A. Selby-Bigge (1860–1951)
- Edition
- 1748 · 1902 edition
Friedrich Nietzsche
Thus Spake Zarathustra
- Text / translation
- Thomas Common (1850–1919)
- Edition
- early 20th-century translation
Beyond Good and Evil — preface and nine chapters
- Text / translation
- Helen Zimmern (1846–1934)
- Edition
- early 20th-century translation
Marcus Aurelius
Correspondence with Fronto: Selected Letters
- Text / translation
- Charles Reginald Haines (1856–1935)
- Edition
- 1919
Meditations
- Text / translation
- George Long (1800–1879)
- Edition
- 19th-century translation
Pensées pour moi-même
- Text / translation
- Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire (1805–1895)
- Edition
- 1876
René Descartes
Discours de la méthode
- Text / translation
- Texte original français · édition Victor Cousin (1792–1867)
- Edition
- 1637 · édition de 1824
Historical texts may use dated spelling or vocabulary. The original edition is preserved; this is not a new translation.