Hypotheses
A hypothesis can guide inquiry when its consequences meet experience; usefulness does not turn an assumption into certainty.
A situation to think through
A model explains observations but must change if new measurements contradict it.
Enlightenment · natural philosophy · 1706–1749
Émilie du Châtelet
Bring principles and experience into dialogue.
Paris · Cirey · Lunéville
Philosophy
Ideas that shift your perspective.
Sufficient reason
Asking why an event or state exists expresses a demand for reason that must be connected with available evidence.
A situation to think through
An explanation should state its reasons rather than declare a result obvious.
Living force
The dispute over mv and mv² depends on what is being measured and which effects are observed; it belongs to a specific history of science.
A situation to think through
Comparing collisions requires identifying the quantities and measurements involved.
Happiness and study
Seeking happiness involves passions and opportunities to learn, always situated within social conditions.
A situation to think through
Access to a library or education changes the choices realistically available.