Port-Royal Augustinianism · experimental science · 1623–1662

Blaise Pascal

Measure reason by what exceeds it.

Clermont · Rouen · Paris
Portraits: artistic interpretations
Philosophy

Ideas that shift your perspective.

01

The three orders

Bodies, minds and charity form three orders separated by infinite distances: physical power cannot measure intellectual greatness, and genius cannot measure the holiness of charity.

A situation to think through

Archimedes is great among minds without princely rank, as a king is great in power without being a geometer.

02

The wager

When reason cannot settle whether God exists, yet one must live one way or the other, Pascal weighs a finite stake against a possible infinite gain.

A situation to think through

A reader who cannot believe is advised to act as believers do, so that habit may quiet the passions that stand in the way.

03

Diversion

Diversion is the restless pursuit of activity and company by which people avoid thinking about their mortality, ignorance and unhappiness.

A situation to think through

A hunter would refuse the hare as a gift: what he wants is the chase, which keeps his mind elsewhere.

04

Geometry and finesse

The geometric mind reasons rigorously from a few clear principles, while the mind of finesse grasps at a glance many subtle principles that cannot all be stated.

A situation to think through

A mathematician may misjudge people, while a perceptive observer may lose patience with definitions and proofs.

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