Early Buddhism · the middle way · c. 563 – c. 483 BCE (traditional dates)

Buddha

Understand suffering in order to be free of it.

Siddhattha Gotama, called the Buddha or “awakened one”, was a wandering teacher of the Ganges plain whose discourses, memorized and transmitted by his community, stand at the origin of the Buddhist traditions. He taught a middle way between indulgence and self-mortification, an analysis of suffering and its causes, and a training in ethics, meditation and insight; no text written by his own hand survives.

Lumbini · Bodh Gaya · Sarnath · Kushinagar
Portraits: artistic interpretations
A QUESTION TO BEGIN WITH

How does suffering arise, and how can it cease?

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Biography

Siddhattha Gotama, called the Buddha or “awakened one”, was a wandering teacher of the Ganges plain whose discourses, memorized and transmitted by his community, stand at the origin of the Buddhist traditions. He taught a middle way between indulgence and self-mortification, an analysis of suffering and its causes, and a training in ethics, meditation and insight; no text written by his own hand survives.

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Philosophy

Suffering, its arising through craving, its cessation and the path to that cessation are presented as truths to be put into practice: understanding, abandoning, realizing and cultivating rather than simply believing.

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Reading guides

Original introductions to enter the works, discover their central questions and take the reflection further.

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Bibliography

Works, testimonies and further readings are distinguished. Dates refer to composition or first publication, as specified in each entry.

READING GUIDE

A first reading.

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