Philosophical novel · freedom and faith · 1821–1881

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Put ideas to the test of human lives.

Moscow · Saint Petersburg · Omsk
Portraits: artistic interpretations
Philosophy

Ideas that shift your perspective.

01

Underground consciousness

Hyperconscious reflection can dissolve the capacity to act, turning lucidity into inertia, spite and endless self-justification.

A situation to think through

The narrator of Notes from Underground spends years planning revenge on an officer who barely noticed him.

02

Freedom against calculation

People may prefer their own caprice to any advantage that reason calculates for them, if only to prove that they are human beings and not piano keys.

A situation to think through

The underground man defends the right to find that twice two makes five against the Crystal Palace of rational utopia.

03

Transgression

The Russian word for crime evokes a stepping across; Raskolnikov tests the theory that extraordinary individuals may step over moral limits.

A situation to think through

After the murder, fever, suspicion and isolation show that the theory cannot govern the life of the man who conceived it.

04

Responsibility of all for all

The elder Zosima teaches that each person is guilty before all, for all and for everything, a claim the novel sets against Ivan’s rebellion.

A situation to think through

Markel, Zosima’s dying elder brother, begs his servants’ forgiveness and declares himself guilty before everyone.

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