Rationalism · metaphysics of monads · 1646–1716
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Nothing is without a reason.
Leipzig · Paris · Hanover
Reading guides
A thread to guide your reading.
Original introductions to enter the works, discover their central questions and take the reflection further.
A place to begin
From simple substances to the city of God
Follow the Monadology from the definition of a simple substance through perception and the two great principles to the harmony of the whole universe.
MonadologyGoing further
Evil, freedom and the best world
Examine how the Theodicy answers Bayle’s objections, from the three kinds of evil to the fable of the palace of the fates.
TheodicyGoing further
Innate ideas and small perceptions
Read the New Essays as a debate about where knowledge comes from, comparing each claim of Theophilus with the passage of Locke it answers.
New Essays on Human UnderstandingContinue
Linked thinkers
- Read and answered
- In dialogue