Medieval Jewish philosophy · Aristotelianism · 1138–1204

Maimonides

Understand the Law without betraying reason.

Córdoba · Fez · Fustat
Portraits: artistic interpretations
Philosophy

Ideas that shift your perspective.

01

Negative theology

Because God is absolutely one and beyond comparison, positive attributes cannot describe the divine essence; God is known through negations and through attributes of action that name effects in the world.

A situation to think through

Saying that God is not powerless removes an imperfection without claiming to grasp what divine power is.

02

Equivocal terms

Biblical words such as image, place or seeing carry several meanings; identifying the intended sense dissolves anthropomorphism without discarding the text.

A situation to think through

In “Let us make man in our image”, image refers to the intellect, not to a bodily shape.

03

Prophecy

Prophecy is an emanation from God, through the active intellect, onto a well-prepared intellect and imagination; preparation is required, yet God may withhold the gift, and the prophecy of Moses stands apart.

A situation to think through

A learned person with a weak imagination may become a philosopher without becoming a prophet.

04

Reasons for the commandments

The Law aims at the welfare of the body and the perfection of the soul, so most commandments have intelligible purposes, some of them historical, such as weaning a people from idolatry.

A situation to think through

Maimonides explains the sacrificial cult as a gradual concession to the worship habits of the ancient world.

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