Literary modernism · Prague German-language literature · 1883–1924

Franz Kafka

Telling of a law no one can reach.

Prague · Berlin · Kierling
Portraits: artistic interpretations
Philosophy

Ideas that shift your perspective.

01

Before the Law

In the parable told in The Trial, a man from the country waits all his life before a door of the Law that, he learns at the end, was meant only for him. Kafka supplies no key, and the chaplain’s commentary multiplies readings rather than closing them.

A situation to think through

A rule known to exist but whose criteria no one may consult turns waiting itself into the procedure.

02

Guilt without a named crime

Josef K. is never told what he is accused of, yet the proceedings lead him to search his whole life for a fault. Kafka links authority, shame and self-accusation without deciding whether the court is external, inward or both.

A situation to think through

Someone summoned to an inquiry without stated grounds begins preparing a defence of their entire past.

03

Offices and the Kafkaesque

In Kafka’s fiction, files, officials and intermediaries produce a power that is present everywhere and personally answerable nowhere. His experience of insurance administration informs these scenes, but they do not reduce to a satire of Habsburg bureaucracy.

A situation to think through

A request passes from department to department, each declaring itself not competent, without anyone ever refusing it.

04

Transformation and estrangement

Gregor Samsa’s metamorphosis is recounted in plain, exact sentences, which makes both the impossible event and the ordinary reactions of his family and of his firm’s chief clerk all the more striking. The story ties together body, work, dependence and care.

A situation to think through

When a household’s breadwinner suddenly can no longer work, the family’s roles and the way it speaks of him begin to change.

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