Enlightenment · deism · philosophy of toleration · 1694–1778

Voltaire

Fight fanaticism with reason and irony.

Paris · Cirey · Ferney
Portraits: artistic interpretations
Philosophy

Ideas that shift your perspective.

01

Tolerance

No authority may persecute people for beliefs that do not disturb public order; diversity of opinion is not dangerous in itself, but becomes so when power takes sides by force.

A situation to think through

A court is asked to judge an act that can be proven, not the creed of the accused.

02

Deism

Belief in a supreme being known through the order of nature and moral conscience, without making revelation, dogma or clergy its conditions; Voltaire turns it against both fanaticism and atheism.

A situation to think through

The universe is compared to a clock that implies a clockmaker, whose nature we nonetheless cannot know.

03

Evil and providence

The claim that everything is for the best cannot justify concrete suffering; the problem of evil calls for humility about systems and for practical action against avoidable harm.

A situation to think through

Telling the victims of the Lisbon earthquake that their deaths serve the general good consoles no one.

04

Fanaticism

A persecuting zeal born of the conviction that one’s own truth authorizes violence; Voltaire fights it with ridicule, history and publicity under the watchword “écrasez l’infâme”, crush the infamous thing.

A situation to think through

The chevalier de La Barre was executed in 1766, condemned in part for failing to remove his hat as a procession passed.

Search the library

Start with a name, a question or an idea.

Search this language edition. Results open the original page.